大样本体检人群年龄相关性听力障碍的观察

龚琳; 徐露璐; 李霞; 袁丽; 谭怀兰; 王伟; 杨艳贻; 杨新明; 刘家佳

doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.03.010

大样本体检人群年龄相关性听力障碍的观察

- 1.
  中南大学湘雅二医院健康管理中心(长沙，410011)
- 2.
  中南大学湘雅二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

详细信息

通讯作者: 刘家佳，E-mail：liujiajia@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R764.43

收稿日期: 2019-05-29

刊出日期: 2020-03-05

Large-scale observation of age-related hearing impairment in physical examination population

- 1.
  Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- 2.
  Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU jiajia, E-mail: liujiajia@csu.edu.cn

Received Date: 29 May 2019

Publish Date: 05 March 2020

摘要

摘要: 目的了解湖南省体检人群各年龄段听力的现状及听力损失的变化趋势，探讨年龄相关性听力障碍的发病情况及老年前期筛查的可行性。方法将13 681例受试者分为31~40岁、41~50岁、51~60岁、61~70岁、71~80岁、>80岁组；取0.5、1.0、2.0 kHz频率听阈的平均值作为平均听阈，该段频率为言语频率，4.0、8.0 kHz为高频音，听阈>25 dB为高频纯音听阈下降。结果 31~40岁组发生听力损失的比例最低(6.8%)，>80岁组听力损失比例最高(91.6%)，听力损失的人群比例和损失程度均随年龄增长而增加，组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；言语频率听阈正常但高频纯音听力损失的人群比例同样随年龄增长有增加的趋势，组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；>60岁组言语频率听力损失的比例明显高于31~60岁组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论湖南省成年人群听力损失的比例和程度随增龄有明显增加的趋势；老年前期即存在听力损失；言语频率听阈正常的人群也应常规进行高频听力测试；言语频率和高频纯音听力测试并用能够早期识别老年前期听力损失的情况和程度，设为常规听力障碍筛查手段之一，将有利于早期干预。
- 年龄相关性听力障碍 /
- 老年性聋 /
- 老年人
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of hearing and the changing trend of hearing loss in all age groups in Hunan Province, and to explore the incidence of age-related hearing impairment and the feasibility of early screening in aging people.Method A total of 13 681 subjects were divided into different age groups of 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old, 51-60 years old, 61-70 years old, 71-80 years old, and >80 years old. The average value of speech frequency hearing threshold (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kHz frequency) was calculated as an average hearing threshold. 4.0 and 8.0 kHz were high frequency sounds, hearing threshold > 25 dB at 4.0 and 8.0 kHz is the high-frequency pure-tone hearing loss.Result The proportion of hearing loss was the lowest in the 31-40 years old group (6.8%), whereas the proportion of hearing loss was the highest in the >80-year-old group (91.6%). The proportion and degree of hearing loss increased with the increase of age (P < 0.05); the proportion of people with normal speech frequency threshold but with the high-frequency pure-tone hearing loss also increased with the increase of age, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the proportion of the speech frequency hearing loss was significantly higher in >60 years old group than that of the 31-60 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion The proportion and degree of hearing loss in adult populations in Hunan Province significantly increased with age; hearing loss show up in the early age of the elderly; people with normal speech frequency hearing threshold should also routinely perform the high-frequency hearing test; speech frequency and high-frequency pure-tone hearing testing could be used in early detection of pre-sensual hearing loss, and its extent of routine hearing impairment screening will facilitate early intervention.
- age-related hearing loss /
- presbycusis /
- aged

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表 1 各年龄段及各级听力损失的比较例

组别	例数	耳聋分级					合计	比例/%
组别	例数	轻度	中度	中重度	重度	极重度	合计	比例/%
31~40岁组	2 769	155	22	7	1	3	188	6.8
41~50岁组	6 036	623	82	31	16	10	762	12.6
51~60岁组	3 196	618	111	30	18	6	783	24.5
61~70岁组	1 231	379	118	20	19	8	544	44.2
71~80岁组	366	160	56	23	7	8	254	69.4
>80岁组	83	26	27	16	5	2	76	91.6

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表 2 各年龄段言语频率听阈正常但高频听力下降人群的比较

组别	高频听阈≤25 dB		高频听阈>25 dB		言语频率听阈正常人数/例
组别	例数	比例/%	例数	比例/%	言语频率听阈正常人数/例
31~40岁组	2 130	82.5	451	17.5	2 581
41~50岁组	3 792	71.9	1 482	28.1	5 274
51~60岁组	1 451	60.1	962	39.9	2 413
61~70岁组	150	21.8	537	78.2	687
71~80岁组	53	48.6	56	51.4	109
>80岁组	1	14.3	6	85.7	7

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表 3 老年期与老年前期人群听力损失的比较例(%)

年龄/岁	言语频率听阈≤25 dB	言语频率听阈>25 dB	合计
31~60	10 268(85.6)	1 733(14.4)	12 001
>60	803(47.8)	877(52.2)	1 680

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