Epidemiological survey of allergic rhinitis in steppe area of Xilingol League, Inner Mongolian of China
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摘要: 目的 调查内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原地区变应性鼻炎(AR)的流行病学情况(患病率、临床特征、主要变应原等)，为防治AR提供科学依据。方法 严格按照流行病学调查要求采用多阶段、分层、随机、整群抽样的方法调查内蒙古锡林郭勒草原3个地区(锡林浩特、二连浩特、多伦)人群，采用面对面问卷调查形式调查人群的一般情况、AR的主要临床症状及相关症状、合并疾病情况，同时进行10种草原变应原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)，并采用用重力沉降法监测该地区每天的花粉种类及数量。应用SAS软件9.4进行数据处理。结果 整群抽样的2878人完成了问卷调查和变应原检测，皮肤点刺试验阳性率为41.10%(1179/2787)；AR自报患病率为39.96%(1150/2878)，确诊患病率为22.72%(654/2878)。AR鼻部症状以喷嚏、鼻痒最明显，其中喷嚏占91.13%(1048/1150)，鼻痒占85.65%(985/1150)；眼部症状中眼痒、流泪症状最明显，眼痒症状占55.13%(634/1150)、流泪症状占42.96%(494/1150)。在AR其他相关症状中，乏力和嗜睡表现突出。AR合并结膜炎60.52%(696/1150)，AR合并哮喘13.57%(156/1150)。AR的主要致敏原从高到低依次为蒿属花粉、藜科花粉、葎草花粉，过敏症状高峰期大多出现在夏季8月份，AR的症状高峰期与花粉数量高峰期重合。结论 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原地区AR患病率较高，蒿属花粉是最主要的变应原。Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiologic feature of allergic rhinitis (AR) in the grassland area of Xilin Gol League, in Inner Mongolia, including prevalence rate, clinical characteristics and main allergens, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR.Methods From May to August of 2015, in strict accordance with the requirements of epidemiological investigation, A multi-stage, stratified, random and cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the population in three areas of Xilingol Grassland in Inner Mongolia (Xilinhot, Erlianhot and Duolun), with a face to face questionnaire used to investigate the general situation, the main clinical symptoms and related symptoms of AR and the combined. Simultaneously, the skin prick test (SPT) of 10 common grassland allergens was carried out, and the gravity sedimentation method was used to monitor the daily pollen types and quantity in the area.SAS 9.4 software was used for data analysis.Results A total of 2878 subjects in the cluster sample completed the questionnaire survey and allergen detection. The positive rate of SPT was 41.10% (1179/2787), the self-reported prevalence rate of AR was 39.96%(1150/2878) and confirmed prevalence rate of AR was 22.72%(654/2878). The most obvious clinical symptoms of AR were sneezing (91.13%, 1048/1150) and itchy nose (85.65%, 985/1150). The most obvious clinical symptoms of ocular were itchy (55.13%, 634/1150) and tearing(42.96%, 494/1150). Fatigue and somnolence were prominent among other symptoms associated with AR. Among comorbidities, AR combined with conjunctivitis accounted for 60.52% (696/1150), AR combined with asthma accounted for 13.57% (156/1150). The major allergens of AR from high to low were Artemisia pollen, Chenopodium pollen, and Humulus pollen. The peak of AR symptoms mostly occuredin August., and the peak period of allergic rhinitis symptoms coincided with the peak period of pollen quantity.Conclusion The prevalence rate of AR in is extremely high due to the high seasonal pollen exposure in steppe area of Xilingol League in Inner Mongolian. Artemisia pollen is the main sensitized allergen.
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Key words:
- rhinitis, allergic /
- prevalence /
- epidemiology /
- pollen
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表 1 一般情况调查
Mean±SD，n(%) 变量 自报AR 非AR P 例数 1150 1728 平均年龄/岁 28.82 ±21.47 28.05 ±21.60 < 0.0001 年龄组/岁 < 0.0001 0~6 120(10.43) 373(21.59) 7~12 189(16.43) 290(60.54) 13~17 134(11.65) 126(7.29) 18~39 356(30.96) 345(19.97) 40~59 286(24.87) 438(25.35) ≥60 65(5.65) 156(9.03) 性别 0.6266 男 573(49.83) 845(48.90) 女 577(50.17) 883(51.10) 民族 0.049 汉族 648(56.35) 1041(60.24) 蒙族 456(39.65) 608(35.19) 其他 46(4.00) 79(4.57) 
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表 2 临床症状
鼻炎症状 例数(%) P 主要症状 < 0.01 喷嚏 1048(91.13) 鼻痒 985(85.65) 鼻塞 920(80.00) 流涕 791(68.78) 嗅觉减退 344(29.91) 鼻后滴流 278(24.17) 眼部症状 >0.05 眼痒 634(55.13) 流泪 494(42.96) 结膜充血 482(41.91) 其他症状 >0.05 嗜睡 346(30.09) 乏力 339(29.48) 口腔溃疡 246(21.39) 腹泻 176(15.30)
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