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Abstract: In 1972, the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otoaryngology (AAO-CHE) produced the first diagnostic guidelines for Ménière's disease. The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNS) modified them in 1985, 1995 and 2015. Then, AAO-HNS developed the latest updated version of the Ménière's Disease Guidelines in 2020, based on the latest evidence-based medicine foundation. In this paper, the overall framework and key content of the latest guideline in 2020 are interpreted for domestic colleagues.
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Key words:
- Ménière's disease /
- clinical practice guideline /
- guideline interpretation
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表 1 2020版美国梅尼埃病临床实践指南关键行动声明总结
声明 推荐意见 等级 1梅尼埃病的诊断 对于发作至少两次的持续20 min~12 h(确定梅尼埃病)或长达24 h(可能梅尼埃病)的眩晕患者,伴波动或不波动的感音神经性听力损失、耳鸣或耳闷胀感,且这些症状不能更好地由其他疾病解释。 推荐 2前庭性偏头痛评估 在评估梅尼埃病时,临床医生应确定患者是否符合前庭性偏头痛的诊断标准。 推荐 3听力测试 在评估梅尼埃病的诊断时,临床医生应进行听力学检查。 强烈推荐 4影像学检查 临床医生可以为可能患有梅尼埃病且经听力测验证实不对称的感觉神经性听力损失的患者提供内耳道和后颅窝的MRI。 可选用 5前庭或电生理检查 临床医生不应常规使用前庭功能检查或耳蜗电图检查来确定梅尼埃病的诊断。 不推荐 6患者教育 临床医生应向患者介绍梅尼埃病的自然病史、症状控制措施、治疗方案和结果等。 推荐 7眩晕的对症治疗 临床医生应向梅尼埃病患者提供有限疗程的前庭抑制剂,以便在眩晕症发作时控制症状。 推荐 8症状的减轻和预防 临床医生应该对梅尼埃病患者的饮食和生活方式进行教育,以减轻症状或预防发作。 推荐 9用于维持治疗的口服药物治疗 临床医生可以提供利尿剂和(或)倍他司汀用于维持治疗,以减轻症状或预防梅尼埃病的发作。 可选用 10正压疗法 临床医生不应为梅尼埃病患者建议正压疗法。 不推荐 11鼓室内注射类固醇治疗 临床医生可以对非侵入性治疗无反应的活动性梅尼埃病患者提供鼓室内注射类固醇药物,或向可以提供此服务的临床医生进行咨询。 可选用 12鼓室内注射庆大霉素治疗 临床医生应向那些非破坏性治疗无反应的活动性梅尼埃病患者提供鼓室内注射庆大霉素,或向可以提供此服务的临床医生进行咨询。 推荐 13外科治疗 对于活动性梅尼埃病患者,如果最终治疗效果较差且听力不佳,临床医生可采取迷路切除术,或向可以提供此服务的临床医生进行咨询。 推荐 14a前庭治疗在慢性失衡中的作用 临床医生应为患有慢性失衡的梅尼埃病患者提供前庭康复或物理治疗。 推荐 14b前庭治疗在急性眩晕中的作用 临床医生不应推荐前庭康复或物理疗法来治疗梅尼埃病患者的急性眩晕发作。 不推荐 15助听技术咨询 临床医生应向梅尼埃病和听力下降的患者提供助听技术的使用咨询,或向可以为患者提供此服务的临床医生咨询。 推荐 16患者结局 临床医生应记录眩晕、耳鸣和听力损失的缓解、改善或恶化,以及治疗后患者生活质量的变化。 推荐 -
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