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摘要: 目的 初步探索耳鼻咽喉科眩晕门诊常见疾病的发病率与气象数据的关系。方法 对2019年在山西医科大学第一医院眩晕门诊就诊的患者进行回顾性分析, 并记录基本信息、发病日期及相关数据, 同时记录12个月的气象数据。采用Spearman秩相关分析良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)、前庭性偏头痛(VM)、梅尼埃病(MD)各月发病数与气象数据的关系。结果 BPPV发病数与气压差呈中度正相关(r=0.728), 与平均水气压呈中度负相关(r=-0.641), 与最小相对湿度呈中度负相关(r=-0.768), 与最大气温差(最高气温与最低气温差值的绝对值)呈中度正相关(r=0.626), 与日照、风速无显著相关性。VM发病数与气压差呈中度正相关(r=0.568), 与最大气温差呈中度正相关(r=0.593), 与湿度、日照、风速无显著相关性。MD发病数与气压差呈中度正相关(r=0.565), 与最小相对湿度呈中度正相关(r=0.628), 与平均相对湿度呈中度正相关(r=0.664), 与气温差、日照、风速无显著相关性。结论 BPPV、VM、MD发病均与气压变化有关, 同一患者同时存在两种或三种疾病可能有共同诱因, 未来可深入了解三者的病理生理学相关性。眩晕患者需关注气象变化, 提前做好药物准备。Abstract: Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between climatic variations and vertigo diseases in outpatients clinic of ENT.Methods A retrospective analysis of patients in the vertigo clinic of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in 2019 was performed, and basic information, onset date and related data were recorded, and 12 months of meteorological data were recorded. Spearman rank correlation was used for data analysis. To analyze the relationship between climatic variations and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) vestibular migraine (VM), Meniere's disease (MD).Results There were correlations between BPPV patients and change in atmospheric pressure, the average water atmospheric pressure, minimum relative humidity or change in temperature. There was no correlation between BPPV patients and sunshine exposure or wind speed. There were correlations between VM patients and change in atmospheric pressure or change in temperature. There was no correlation between VM patients and humidity, sunshine exposure or wind speed. There were correlations between MD patients and change in atmospheric pressure, minimum relative humidity or average relative humidity. There was no correlation between MD patients and change in temperature, sunshine exposure or wind speed.Conclusion The onset of BPPV, VM, and MD are all related to changes in air pressure. Two or three diseases in the same patient may have a common cause. In the future, we can learn more about the pathophysiological correlation of the three. Patients with vertigo should pay attention to weather changes and prepare medications in advance.
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Key words:
- vertigo /
- vestibular migraine /
- Meniere's disease /
- climate
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表 1 气象因素与各月眩晕发病例数的相关系数
气象因素 BPPV VM MD 极大风速/(m·s-1) 0.055 -0.155 -0.250 最大风速/(m·s-1) 0.117 -0.279 -0.481 平均2 min风速/(m·s-1) 0.283 -0.159 -0.562 最低气压/hPa 0.247 0.154 -0.060 最高气压/hPa 0.437 0.342 -0.283 平均气压/hPa 0.416 0.252 -0.166 气压差/hPa 0.728a) 0.568a) 0.565a) 平均水气压/hPa -0.641a) 0.025 0.477 最低气温/(℃) -0.504 -0.160 0.413 最高气温/(℃) -0.489 -0.121 0.261 最大气温差/(℃) 0.626a) 0.593a) -0.379 平均气温/(℃) -0.539 -0.146 0.329 平均最低气温/(℃) -0.588a) -0.086 0.456 平均最高气温/(℃) -0.539 -0.146 0.329 平均气温差/(℃) 0.448 -0.105 -0.414 最大日降水量/mL -0.510 0.248 0.561 最小相对湿度/% -0.768a) 0.048 0.628a) 平均相对湿度/% -0.423 0.478 0.664a) 日照时数/h -0.211 -0.004 -0.205 注：a)0.05水平上双尾检验差异显著。 
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