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摘要: 目的 获得健康体检人群的听力健康状况，分析影响成人听力健康的可能因素，为听力损失的预防提供临床数据支持。方法 采用主客观结合的检测方案，使用成人听力障碍筛查量表(HHIA-S)进行听力健康状况自评，使用电耳镜检查和纯音听力筛查进行耳科及听力学检查。采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件对结果进行单因素方差分析。结果 ① 问卷调查：3704例受试者完成HHIA-S自评问卷，29例(0.8%)受试者报告日常生活中存在聆听困难情况。②听力筛查：1264例受试者未通过听力筛查，其中男936例，女328例。33.5%自评听力正常者未通过听力筛查，全部自评听力异常者均未通过听力筛查。③影响因素分析：年龄、性别、血压、空腹血糖、BMI显著影响受试者的听力筛查通过率，其中年轻受试者通过率高于年长者，女性受试者通过率高于男性，血压、空腹血糖、BMI正常受试者通过率高于异常者。结论 增龄、血压、空腹血糖、BMI异常均可对听力健康产生潜在风险，因此在成人群体中开展听力筛查具有现实意义。上述指标异常人群，更应密切关注听力状况、定期进行听力监测。Abstract: Objective To obtain incidence of hearing loss and the influence factors in adult health check-up population, and to provide supporting information for the prevention of hearing loss. Method Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Adult-screening(HHIA-S), electro-otoscopy and pure tone test were used to evaluate subjects'hearing health condition. SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform one-way ANOVA on the results. Result ① HHIA-S questionnaire results: 3704 subjects completed the questionnaire, 29 subjects(0.8%) were reported hearing difficulties in daily life. ②Hearing screening results: 1264 subjects failed to pass the hearing screening, including 936 male and 328 female subjects. 33.5% subjects with noramlself-rated hearing failed to pass the hearing screening test, and all the patients with abnormal self-rated hearing did not pass the hearing screening.③The passing rate of hearing screening was significantly affected by gender, age, BMI, blood pressure and plasma glucose. The passing rate of hearing screening was higher in female than that in male, in younger than that in elder, in subjects with normal blood pressure, plasma glucose and BMI than those with abnormal above conditions. Conclusion Aging, abnormal blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and BMI may have potential risks on hearing health. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out hearing screening in adult population. For those adults with abnormal indexes, they should pay close attention to their hearing condition status and monitor their hearing regularly.
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Key words:
- adult /
- hearing screening /
- prevention
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表 1 电耳镜检查结果
检查结果 例数(%) 鼓膜完整 3228(87.00) 耵聍栓塞 419(11.30) 鼓膜穿孔 55(1.50) 其他情况 鼓膜内陷 1(0.03) 鼓膜充血 1(0.03) 鼓膜置管 1(0.03) 鼓膜窥不清 1(0.03) 外耳道疖肿遮挡鼓膜 1(0.03) 中耳炎术后 1(0.03) 鼓膜修补术后 1(0.03) 暗红色肿物 1(0.03) 真菌性外耳道炎 1(0.03) 外耳道可见白色菌丝 1(0.03) 
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表 2 听力筛查结果分析
筛查结果 例数 百分率/% 通过 2455 66.0 未通过 1264 34.0 双耳未通过 846 22.7 左耳未通过 231 6.2 右耳未通过 187 5.0
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表 3 各项指标对听力筛查结果的影响
影响因素 P 整体 男性组 女性组 血压 收缩压 <0.01 0.001 0.001 舒张压 <0.01 0.002 0.003 空腹血糖 <0.01 0.018 0.001 BMI <0.01 0.009 0.004 甘油三酯 0.281 0.270 0.112 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 0.342 0.281 0.673 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 0.473 0.311 0.546 总胆固醇 0.104 0.094 0.180
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