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摘要: 目的:分析武汉地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者常见吸入性变应原的分布特征。方法:采用敏筛变应原检测系统及其配套变应原诊断试剂检测1 983例临床拟诊AR患者的血清特异性IgE (ssIgE),分析年龄、性别、就诊季节对AR患者ssIgE分布的影响。结果:在1 983名受试者中,共1 507例(76.0%)确诊为AR。最常见的吸入性变应原为户尘螨(62.0%),混合真菌(32.1%)和屋尘(27.3%)。常见吸入性变应原组合依次为单一变应原(43.8%),双重变应原(28.1%)和三重变应原(15.4%)。男性桑树、混合草检测的阳性率高于女性。未成年组(1~17岁)单一变应原比例(35.2%)低于成年组(≥18岁)(46.7%),多重变应原比例高于成年组;未成年组屋尘、猫毛皮屑和狗毛皮屑阳性率高于成年组,桑树、蟑螂、混合草阳性率低于成年组。老年组(60~88岁)屋尘、混合真菌阳性率较高。户尘螨夏秋季节阳性率高于冬春季节;混合草秋季阳性率高于其他季节;混合树、桑树春季阳性率高于夏秋季节。结论:武汉地区主要的吸入性变应原为户尘螨、混合真菌和屋尘,不同性别、年龄和季节具有不同的分布特征。Abstract: Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of common aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Wuhan.Method:Serum specific IgE (ssIgE) was detected in 1 983 patients with clinically diagnosed AR by Midiwiss Allergen Screen system.Data was analyzed statistically.Result:Among the 1 983 patients, 1 507 (76.0%) had at least one positive ssIgE.The most common aeroallergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (62.0%), mixed fungi (32.1%) and house dust (27.3%).Single positive allergen (43.8%), dual positive allergen (28.1%) and triple positive allergen (15.4%) were the most common combinations.The proportion of single positive allergens in the juvenile group (1 to 17 years old) (35.2%) was lower than adult group (≥ 18 years old) (46.7%), while the proportion of multiple positive allergens was higher than adult group.The positive rates of mulberry and mixed grass in male group were higher than female group.The positive rates of house dust, cat fur and dog fur in the juvenile group were higher than the adult group, while the positive rate of mulberry, cockroach and mixed grass were lower than the adult group.In the elder group (60-88 years old), the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and mixed fungi were higher than the other three groups.The positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring.The positive rate of mixed grass in autumn was much higher and the positive rate of mixed trees and mulberry trees in spring was higher than summer and autumn.Conclusion:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, mixed fungi and house dust were the most common aeroallergens among patients with allergic rhinitis in Wuhan.The distribution characteristics in different genders, ages and seasons were different.
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Key words:
- rhinitis /
- allergic /
- aeroallergens /
- serum specific IgE
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