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摘要: 目的: 研究赣南地区变应性鼻炎患者常见变应原的临床特点,为该地区变应性鼻炎的防治提供参考依据。方法: 回顾性分析2012-08-2016-05期间初诊为变应原性鼻炎且行变应原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)的363例患者的临床资料。使用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果: 252例患者SPT呈阳性反应,主要变应原为屋尘螨(86.90%)、粉尘螨(86.11%)、蟑螂(51.19%)、须发癣菌(14.29%)、蟹肉(4.76%)、小虾(3.17%)等。儿童组(2~14岁)主要变应原是粉尘螨(93.24%)、屋尘螨(91.89%)、蟑螂(44.59%)、蟹肉(8.11%)、小虾(6.76%)、须发癣菌(1.35%)。不同年龄组间变应原阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中2~14岁组最高,为90.24%;>44~74岁组最低,为31.70%。不同职业间变应原阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中学生最高,为86.45%;无业者最低,为45.24%。不同季节间变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 赣南地区常见变应原是屋尘螨、粉尘螨、蟑螂、须发癣菌。变应性鼻炎患者对多种变应原过敏较为常见,年龄、职业也是影响变应原阳性率的因素之一。Abstract: Objective: To study the clinical features of common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Gannan area and provide reference for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis with regional character.Method: The clinical data of 363 patients who were newly diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and given allergen skin prick test(skin prick test,SPT)at our department from August 2012 to May 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.SPSS 18.0 was used to ananlyze the data.Result: Two hundred and fifty-two cases of allergen skin prick test were positive.The positive rates of allergens were 86.90% of house dust mites,86.11% of dust mites,51.19% of cockroach,14.29% of hair fungus,4.76% of crab meat and 3.17% of shrimp.The positive rate of various allergens in the children group was 93.24% for dust mites,91.89% for house dust mites,44.59% for cockroach,8.11% for crab meat,6.76% for shrimp,and 1.35% for hair fungus.The difference in positive rate of allergens among different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.01),among which the highest was 2 to 14 years old,which was 90.24%;the lowest was >44 to 74 years old,which was 31.70%.The difference in positive rates of allergens among different occupations was statistically significant(P<0.01),among which the highest was 86.45% for students,and the lowest was 45.24% for those without employment.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between different seasons.Conclusion: The most common allergens in Gangnan area are house dust mites,dust mites cockroache and scrab meat.Patients with allergic rhinitis are more common with multiple allergens.Age and occupation are also factors affecting the positive rate of allergens.
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Key words:
- rhinitis /
- allergic /
- allergen spectrum /
- skin prick test
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