航空鼻科疾病防控措施和医学鉴定的临床研究

汪斌如; 徐先荣; 金占国; 张扬

doi:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2015.05.014

航空鼻科疾病防控措施和医学鉴定的临床研究

- 空军总医院全军临床航空医学中心(北京, 100142)
基金项目:
解放军总后勤部资助项目(No:AKJ12B028)

详细信息

通讯作者: 徐先荣,E-mail:xuxianrongkz@sina.com

中图分类号: R765

收稿日期: 2014-11-18

The clinical research of aviatic nasal diseases with medical evaluation prevention and control intervention

- Chinese PLA Center of Clinic Aviation Medicine, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, 100142, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XU Xianrong, E-mail: xuxianrongkz@sina.com

Received Date: 18 November 2014

摘要

摘要: 目的: 探讨飞行人员航空鼻科疾病的临床特点,为其防控措施和医学鉴定提供参考。方法: 分析和总结1966-2013年503例605例次飞行人员鼻科疾病患者的住院资料。结果: ①605例次航空鼻科疾病包括550例次一般鼻科疾病和55例次特殊鼻科疾病,一般鼻科疾病包括140例次结构异常性疾病、290例次炎症性疾病、73例次变应性疾病和47例次囊肿肿瘤性疾病;特殊鼻科疾病为55例次鼻窦气压伤(SB)。②SB发生于额窦和(或)上颌窦的比例为95.55%。③囊肿肿瘤性疾病所继发的SB构成比高于结构异常性疾病、炎症性疾病、变应性疾病(均P<0.05)。④继发性SB的停飞构成比高于结构异常性疾病、炎症性疾病、变应性疾病和囊肿肿瘤性疾病的停飞构成比(均P<0.05)。⑤不同机种飞行人员低压舱检查方案不尽相同,鼻窦气压功能合格的飞行人员方可继续飞行。⑥航空鼻科疾病的治疗要点是治愈鼻内病变的同时恢复窦口通畅,医学鉴定要点是恢复正常的鼻窦气压功能。结论: 航空鼻科疾病的医学鉴定关键是评估低压舱鼻窦气压功能,规范的航空鼻科疾病诊治和医学鉴定可有效避免飞行事故,提高出勤率。
- 鼻疾病 /
- 飞行员 /
- 医学鉴定
Abstract: Objective: Exploring the clinical features of aviatic nasal diseases to provide references for medical evaluation, prevention and control measures in aircrew.Method: To analysis and summary 605 cases with 503 pilots of nasal diseases in aircrew during 1966 to 2013.Result: ①There were 605 cases of aviatic nasal diseases, including 550 cases of general diseases and 55 cases of specific diseases. The general nasal diseases included 140 cases of anatomical abnormalities in nasal cavity type, 290 cases of inflammation in nasal cavity, 73 cases of allergy type, 47cases of cyst and tumor type, and the specific nasal diseases were 55 cases of sinus barotrauma (SB). ②The constituent ratio of SB, which was happened in frontal sinus and/or maxillary sinus, was 95.55%. ③The constituent ratio of cyst and tumor type in nasal cavity was easier causing to SB than anatomical abnormalities, inflammation, allergy disease in nasal cavity (P<0.05). ④The grounded constituent ratio of secondary SB was higher than anatomical abnormalities, inflammation, allergy, cyst and tumor disease in nasal cavity (P<0.05).⑤The ways of hypobaric chamber tests were different for the kinds of aircrew. The qualified adjustment function of sinuses for barometric pressure was an essential condition for aircrew to continue flying.⑥The key point for the treatment of aviatic nasal diseases was to remove pathological change in nasal cavity and sinus and restore sinus ostium patency. The key point for the medical evaluation was to restore normal sinus pressure balance function.Conclusion: The key point of medical evaluation about aviatic nasal diseases is to assess the sinus pressure balance function in hypobaric chamber tests. Normative treatment and medical evaluation can effectively avoid flight accidents and improve the attendance rate for aircrew.
- nose diseases /
- aircrew /
- medical evaluation

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