Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of different malleus treatments on the postoperative efficacy in the tympanosclerosis patients receiving ossicular chain reconstruction.Method: Fifty-nine patients(62 ears) with tympanosclerosis were treated by ossicular chain reconstruction.All the patients were divided into three groups, including malleus removal group(A,24 ears),retaining only the malleus handle group(B,18 ears) and the intact malleus group(C,20 ears).All the patients were followed up 3 months pre-operation, 3 months and 1 year post-operation by audiometric measurement(the average hearing threshold at 0.5,1.0,2.0 kHz HL).Tympanic membrane was examined by ear endoscope.Result: The pre-operation mean air bone gap(ABG) in these groups were 40.07±77.56 dB,37.31±76.45 dB,and 36.75±76.72 dB, among which the difference had no statistical significance(P>0.05).At 3 months after operation, the ABG in all cases was improved at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz.The difference of ABG improvement among these three groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05). One year after surgery,the ABG of the three goups were decreased by 17.92±9.28 dB,16.76±5.19 dB and 10.58±7.38 dB respectively. The hearing improvement in group C is less than the other two groups(P=0.03,P=0.016). The difference of hearing improvement between group A and group B had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Group A and group B each have one case of tympanic membrane perforation and artificial ossicle falling off.Conclusion: The operating processes of malleus in ossicular chain reconstruction of patients with tympanosclerosis were introduced. In terms of short-term efficacy, the three groups showed no signfficant difference.However, the long-term efficacy of the patients in the group A and group B were better compared with the group C.