Practice guideline for standardized construction of ambulatory surgery in pediatric otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery
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摘要: 随着微创外科与麻醉技术的发展，日间手术已发展为提升医疗效率、优化资源配置的重要模式。本指南旨在为国内医疗机构开展儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科日间手术，提供系统、可操作、同质化的建设标准。指南依据循证医学原则，综合国内外最新文献与多学科专家共识，围绕日间手术中心的组织架构、硬件设施、信息化建设、多学科团队组建、患者与术式准入标准、围手术期流程管理及质量控制等方面提出具体建议。其核心目标是保障手术安全与质量，并推动儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科日间手术的规范化与可持续发展。Abstract: With the advancement of minimally invasive surgery and anesthesiology, ambulatory surgery has become a pivotal model for enhancing healthcare efficiency and optimizing resource allocation. This guideline seeks to establish a systematic, operable, and standardized framework for implementing ambulatory surgery in pediatric otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery across healthcare institutions in China. Formulated based on evidence-based medicine principles and integrating the latest literature and multidisciplinary expert consensus, it provides detailed recommendations pertaining to organizational structure, hardware configuration, information system development, multidisciplinary team building, patient and procedure selection criteria, perioperative process management, and quality control. The primary objectives are to ensure surgical safety and quality, and to promote the standardized and sustainable development of ambulatory surgery within this pediatric subspecialty.
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表 1 麻醉前禁食禁饮时间
饮食种类 麻醉前禁食禁饮时间 清饮料(清水、无渣果汁、碳水化合物饮料、茶类、无奶咖啡等) ≥2 h 新生儿和婴幼儿母乳 ≥4 h 配方奶或牛奶 ≥6 h 淀粉类固体食物 ≥6 h 脂肪及肉类固体食物 ≥8 h 
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