A study of airborne pollen monitoring and its connection with allergic rhinitis visits in Taiyuan over the summer and autumn seasons
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摘要: 目的 探讨太原市夏秋季气传花粉的分布情况，分析花粉特征、气象因子和过敏致敏间的关联性，为该地区过敏疾病的合理防治提供参考依据。方法 应用重力沉降法调查太原市2022年7月21日至2022年10月20日气传花粉的种类、数量及飘散规律，同时收集同期气象及诊疗患者的信息，使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行分析与总结。结果 ① 共收集到花粉17 118粒，鉴定到14科10属4种，太原市夏秋季花粉播散高峰期为8月下旬至9月上旬。优势气传花粉为蒿属(66.62%)、大麻/葎草属(17.79%)、国槐(8.18%)、藜/苋科(2.83%)、禾本科(2.11%)，绝对优势气传花粉为蒿属(66.62%)。②太原市气传花粉浓度与一定范围内平均温度(5~20 ℃)，最大温度(11~30 ℃)呈正相关(r=0.547，0.315，P < 0.05)。③太原市气传花粉含量与我院变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis，AR)患者就诊人次及过敏原阳性率呈正相关(r=0.702，0.747，P < 0.05)。结论 太原市夏秋季气传花粉播散高峰期为8月下旬至9月上旬。优势花粉为蒿属、大麻/葎草属、国槐、藜/苋科、禾本科，绝对优势花粉为蒿属。气象因子是影响花粉含量的重要因素。一定范围内，温度升高有利于花粉的扩散与运输。花粉粒数与AR患者就诊人次存在相关性，可作为AR患病的环境预警指标，指导AR患者及早采取预防性治疗，从而降低过敏风险。Abstract: Objective To explore the distribution of airborne pollen in summer and autumn in Taiyuan, analyze the correlation between pollen characteristics, meteorological factors and allergic sensitization, and provide for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in this.Methods The gravity sedimentation method was used to investigate the types, quantities and dispersion patterns of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City from July 21, 2022 to October 20, 2022. he meteorological and patient information was collected during the same period SPSS 26.0 software.Results ① A total of 17 118 pollen grains were collected, and identified as 14 families, 10 genera, and 4 species. The peak period for pollen dispersal in summer and autumn in Taiyuan City from late August to early September. airborne pollen Artemisia(66.62%), Cannabis/Humulus(17.79%), Sophora japonica(8.18%), Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae(2.83%), Gramineae(2.11%). ②The concentration of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City positively correlated with the average temperature(5-20℃) and maximum temperature(11-30℃) within a certain range(r=0.547, 0.315, P < 0.05). ③The content of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City positively correlated with the number of visits and allergen positive rate of patients with allergic rhinitis(AR) in our hospital(r=0.702, 0.747, P < 0.05).Conclusion The peak period for airborne pollen dispersal during the summer and autumn seasons in Taiyuan City from late August to early September. The dominant pollen is Artemisia, Cannabis/Humulus, Sophora japonica, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Gramineae, and the absolute advantage pollen is Artemisia. Meteorological factors pollen content. Within a certain range, temperature the diffusion and transportation of pollen. The number of pollen grains the number of visits, which can serve as an environmental warning indicator for AR patients to take preventive, thereby reducing the risk of allergies.
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Key words:
- allergic rhinitis /
- allergen /
- airborne pollen /
- meteorological factors
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表 1 1太原地区夏秋季气传花粉的旬分布
粒 种类 7月 8月 9月 10月 含量 百分比/% 下旬 上旬 中旬 下旬 上旬 中旬 下旬 上旬 中旬 蒿属 72 115 1 055 2 840 5 104 1 090 1 000 90 39 11 404 66.62 大麻/葎草属 16 62 446 726 1 168 465 114 40 8 3 045 17.79 国槐 898 430 47 0 25 0 0 0 0 1 401 8.18 藜/苋科 15 24 108 148 142 25 8 4 11 485 2.83 禾本科 8 12 26 54 108 88 52 12 1 361 2.11 豆科 0 0 29 75 105 55 19 7 2 292 1.71 韭菜 0 0 0 0 17 30 20 1 4 73 0.43 蓼科 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 1 0 20 0.12 豚草属 1 2 1 2 3 2 0 0 0 13 0.07 沙草科 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0.03 龙葵 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.02 向日葵 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 0.02 松属 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.01 蔷薇科 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.01 未知 4 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 0 11 0.06 合计 1 019 646 1 714 3 846 6 677 1 756 1 237 156 68 17 118 100.00 
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表 2 太原地区7—10月花粉浓度与气象因子相关性分析
气象因子 花粉浓度 r P 平均温度 0.547 0.000 最大温度 0.315 0.006 平均相对湿度 0.022 0.836 最大相对湿度 -0.087 0.406 最大风力 -0.196 0.060
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