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摘要: 目的 探讨改良Valsalva动作下CT扫描显露下咽的显露效果及影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2021年8月-2022年12月确诊的52例下咽癌患者的临床资料,患者均行平静呼吸CT扫描和改良Valsalva动作下CT扫描。比较杓会厌襞、杓间皱襞、环后区、梨状窝尖、下咽后壁及声门在上述两种CT扫描方式的显露效果,并分析年龄、颈围、颈椎长、BMI、肿瘤部位、T分期对显露效果的影响。结果 52例患者中50例(96.15%)一次性完成CT扫描。改良Valsalva动作CT扫描的杓会厌襞、杓间皱襞、环后区、梨状窝尖、下咽后壁显露效果明显优于平静呼吸下CT扫描(Z值分别为-4.002、-8.026、-8.349、-7.781、-8.608,均P < 0.01),但声门显露效果明显差于平静呼吸下CT扫描(Z值为-3.625,P < 0.01),差异有统计学意义。在改良Valsalva动作CT扫描中,年龄对显露效果无明显影响,颈椎长较长、颈围较小、BMI较小及T分期越小者显露效果较好,环后癌显露效果较梨状窝癌、下咽后壁癌好,但差异并不都有统计学意义。结论 改良Valsalva动作下CT扫描下咽部临床应用简便,各解剖亚区显露更清晰,但声门的显露效果较差。年龄、颈围、颈椎长、BMI、肿瘤T分期对显露效果的影响仍需进一步研究探讨。
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关键词:
- 下咽肿瘤 /
- 改良Valsalva动作 /
- CT检查
Abstract: Objective To analyze the significance and factors influencing of CT scan under the modified Valsalva maneuver.Methods Clinical data of 52 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed from August 2021 to December 2022 were collected, all patients had calm breathing CT scan and modified Valsalva maneuver CT scan. Compare the exposure effect of the aryepiglottic fold, interarytenoid fold, postcricoid area, piriform fossa apex, posterior hypopharyngeal wall, and glottis with each CT scanning method. The effects of age, neck circumference, neck length, BMI, tumor site, and T stage on the exposure effect were analyzed.Results In 52 patients, 50 patients(96.15%) completed CT scan at once time. The exposure effect of the CT scan under modified Valsalva maneuver in the aryepiglottic fold, interarytenoid fold, postcricoid area, piriform fossa apex, posterior hypopharyngeal wall was significantly better than CT scan under calm breathing(Z=-4.002, -8.026, -8.349, -7.781, -8.608, all P < 0.01), while CT scan under modified Valsalva maneuver was significantly worse in glottis than CT scan under calm breathing(Z=-3.625, P < 0.01). In the modified Valsalva CT scan, age had no obvious effect on the exposure effect. The exposure effect was better with long neck length, smaller neck circumference, smaller BMI and smaller T stage. The exposure of postcricoid carcinoma was better than pyriform sinus carcinoma and posterior hypopharyngeal wall carcinoma. But differences were not all statistically significant.Conclusion The anatomical structure of the hypopharynx was clearly under CT scan with modified Valsalva maneuver, which clinical application is simple, but the effect of glottis was worse. The influence of age, neck circumference, neck length, BMI, and tumor T stage on the exposure effect still needs further investigation.-
Key words:
- hypopharyngeal carcinoma /
- modified valsalva maneuver /
- CT examination
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表 1 两种动作CT扫描各解剖亚区显露效果
解剖亚区 CT扫描动作 显露效果 Z 完全显露/例(%) 部分显露/例(%) 未显露/例(%) 杓会厌襞 改良Valsalva动作 46(92.0) 4(8.0) 0(0) -4.002 平静呼吸 29(58.0) 14(28.0) 7(14.0) 杓间皱襞 改良Valsalva动作 39(78.0) 11(22.0) 0(0) -8.026 平静呼吸 0(0) 31(62.0) 19(38.0) 环后区 改良Valsalva动作 30(60.0) 16(32.0) 4(8.0) -8.349 平静呼吸 0(0) 4(8.0) 46(92.0) 梨状窝尖 改良Valsalva动作 32(64.0) 10(20.0) 8(16.0) -7.781 平静呼吸 0(0) 4(8.0) 46(92.0) 下咽后壁 改良Valsalva动作 27(54.0) 21(42.0) 2(4.0) -8.608 平静呼吸 0(0) 4(8.0) 46(92.0) 声门 改良Valsalva动作 25(50.0) 16(32.0) 9(18.0) -3.625 平静呼吸 42(84.0) 6(12.0) 2(4.0) 表 2 年龄、颈围、颈椎长、BMI与改良Valsalva动作CT显露效果
解剖亚区 完全显露 未完全显露 t P 杓会厌襞 例(%) 46(92.0) 4(8.0) 年龄/岁 59.2±6.9 55.8±2.2 0.972 0.115 颈围/mm 426.9±31.2 432.3±18.4 -3.410 0.242 颈椎长/mm 125.7±8.3 120.5±3.4 1.233 0.112 BMI 22.3±3.44 18.8±2.1 1.982 0.477 杓间皱襞 例(%) 39(78.0) 11(22.0) 年龄/岁 58.85±7.4 59.0±3.9 -0.066 0.072 颈围/mm 421.1±27.6 449.5±30.3 -2.957 0.971 颈椎长/mm 127.9±6.8 116.1±5.1 5.293 0.819 BMI 21.6±3.0 23.4±4.7 -1.575 0.020 环后区 例(%) 30(60.0) 20(40.0) 年龄/岁 60.1±7.1 57.1±5.8 1.553 0.339 颈围/mm 418.4±28.1 440.6±29.2 -2.692 0.929 颈椎长/mm 128.6±3.9 120.3±10.1 4.020 < 0.001 BMI 21.0±3.4 23.5±3.1 -2.686 0.535 梨状窝尖 例(%) 32(64.0) 18(36.0) 年龄/岁 58.3±7.3 59.9±5.6 -0.839 0.270 颈围/mm 423.1±29.3 434.7±31.4 -1.307 0.834 颈椎长/mm 128.5±4.9 119.5±9.5 4.439 < 0.001 BMI 21.2±3.4 23.5±3.3 -2.350 0.955 下咽后壁 例(%) 27(54.0) 23(46.0) 年龄/岁 58.3±6.9 59.5±6.6 -0.620 0.760 颈围/mm 413.9±26.2 443.0±27.4 -3.821 0.813 颈椎长/mm 128.4±6.3 121.6±8.6 3.210 0.029 BMI 21.4±3.2 22.7±3.7 -1.323 0.327 声门 例(%) 25(50.0) 25(50.0) 年龄/岁 60.1±6.8 57.7±6.5 1.272 0.334 颈围/mm 422.1±34.9 432.6±24.5 -1.230 0.102 颈椎长/mm 126.7±7.1 123.9±8.9 1.215 0.180 BMI 21.3±3.1 22.6±3.7 -1.349 0.241 表 3 不同部位肿瘤改良Valsalva动作CT扫描的完全显露率
例(%) 解剖亚区 梨状窝癌组(n=39) 环后癌组(n=5) 下咽后壁癌组(n=6) P 杓会厌襞 35(89.7) 5(100.0) 6(100.0) 1.000 杓间皱襞 30(76.9) 5(100.0) 4(66.6) 0.505 环后区 21(53.8) 5(100.0) 4(66.6) 0.156 梨状窝尖 23(58.9) 5(100.0) 4(66.6) 0.223 下咽后壁 20(51.2) 5(100.0) 2(33.3) 0.069 声门 21(53.8) 0(0) 4(66.6) 0.055 表 4 不同T分期的完全显露率
例(%) 解剖亚区 T1 T2 T3 T4 P值 杓会厌襞 13(100.0) 12(100.0) 17(89.5) 4(66.7) 0.053 杓间皱襞 12(92.3) 12(100.0) 13(68.4) 2(33.3) 0.004 环后区 10(76.9) 7(58.3) 9(47.4) 4(66.7) 0.411 梨状窝尖 10(76.9) 7(58.3) 11(57.9) 4(66.7) 0.732 下咽后壁 13(100.0) 7(58.3) 7(36.8) 0(0) < 0.001 声门 9(69.2) 6(50.0) 8(42.1) 2(33.3) 0.406 -
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