Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of gelatin sponge on the occurrence and development of chylous leakage by combining the biological characteristics of gelatin sponge with the mechanism of left neck lymph node dissection. Method: Eight hundred and twenty-eight patients who underwent left neck lymph node dissection in our department were retrospectively analyzed, 568 of whom underwent routine chylous leakage prevention and treatment (group A), 260 underwent gelatin sponge tamponade fixation. The prevention and treatment of chyle leakage (group B) were analyzed. Result: Twenty-six cases of chyle leakage occurred in group A and 8 cases of chyle leakage occurred in group B. The incidence of chyle leakage in group B (3.1%) was not significantly different from that in group A (4.6%). However, the incidence of chyle leakage within three days after operation was better than that in group A, and the amount of chyle leakage was significantly less than that in group A. The time of improving chylous leakage by positive pressure bandaging was better than that of group A, with statistical significance. Conclusion: Gelatin sponge packing can not reduce the occurrence of chyle leakage, but can delay the occurrence time of chyle leakage and reduce the amount of chyle leakage. It has a certain clinical value in the active treatment of chyle leakage.