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摘要: 目的:探讨重庆地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者吸入性变应原谱的特点及其影响因素。方法:对2 474例疑似AR患者进行皮内试验,按年龄分为6个组,分别为:6~13岁、>13~18岁、>18~29岁、>29~39岁、>39~49岁、>49岁;按季节将AR患者分为4个组,分别是春(3~5月)、夏(6~8月)、秋(9~11月)、冬(12~2月),分析变应原分布及其与性别、年龄和季节的相关性。结果:排列前3位的吸入性变应原依次为粉尘螨(71.26%)、户尘螨(73.61%)、多价昆虫(60.79%);不同性别组间,绝大部分变应原阳性率与性别无相关性(P>0.05);对不同年龄组进行分析,>13~18岁组AR总体阳性率及除外大籽蒿和荞麦壳的其他18种变应原阳性率最高,6~13岁组次之,然后随着年龄的增长而下降,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对不同季节组进行统计发现,夏、秋季变应原阳性率高于春、冬季(P<0.05)。结论:重庆地区AR患者主要的吸入性变应原为尘螨和多价昆虫,变应原分布与年龄和季节具有相关性,与性别无相关性。Abstract: Objective: To determine the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens and its influencing factors among allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in Chongqing.Method: Intracutaneous test was carried out in 2 474 AR patients. All the cases were divided into six groups according to age, 6-13 years old, >13-18 years old, >18-29 years old, >29-39 years old, >39-49 years old, >49 years old and four groups on the basis of season (spring, summer, autumn, winter). The correlations between the positive rates and gender, age, season were analyzed.Result: The most common allergens were dermatophagoides farin (71.26%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (73.61%) and polyvalent insect (60.79%). There was no significant correlation between most allergens and gender(P>0.05). Statistical analysis was conducted among different age groups, it showed that the positive rates of overwhelming majority allergens were highest in the group of 13-18 years old and higher in 6-13 years old group, and then gradually declined with age with a striking difference in each groups (P<0.05). Similar analysis was carried out among the groups in four seasons. It revealed that the prevalence rates of most allergens were higher in summer and autumn than that in spring and winter (P<0.05).Conclusion: Dermatophagoides and polyvalent insect are the most prevalent inhalant allergens in AR disease in Chongqing. Most AR patients had multiple allergens. The prevalence rates of most allergens were significantly different with age and season.
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Key words:
- rhinitis, allergic /
- intracutaneous test /
- allergens
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