Preoperative airway management and perioperative period asphyxia prevention in patients with tumors invasion in the cervical tracheal
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摘要: 目的: 探讨肿瘤累及颈段气管患者术前气道处理及术后窒息预防措施,为手术的安全性提供临床依据。方法: 回顾性分析35例不同程度的肿瘤累及颈段气管患者的临床资料,根据患者就诊时是否强迫体位、呼吸困难程度、复发肿瘤范围等情况,选择常规气管插管后麻醉、表面麻醉后清醒状态下可视喉镜辅助下插管麻醉、术前气管切开插管麻醉、横断气管插管麻醉以及体外循环技术的麻醉方法。术后根据手术中气管受累程度和处理方式以及患者的全身状况选择气管切开或造瘘。结果: 35例患者均成功实施全身麻醉,其中17例术前无强迫体位及呼吸困难的患者均顺利麻醉插管;术后3例进行了预防性气管切开。16例伴有强迫体位的非复发肿瘤患者中,15例术前均先吸入表面麻醉后在清醒状态下经可视喉镜辅助成功行麻醉插管,1例无法麻醉插管也无法急诊气管切开的患者利用体外循环技术完成麻醉;本组患者术后均行预防性气管切开或造瘘。2例伴有强迫体位的复发肿瘤患者,术前气管插管未能成功,1例紧急横断气管再麻醉插管,1例术前紧急气管切开插管麻醉成功,2例均术后气管造瘘。所有患者术后均未出现大出血、窒息、心血管意外等严重并发症。结论: 肿瘤累及颈段气管患者术前气道处理及术后是否行气管切开或造瘘预防窒息需根据累及颈段气管肿瘤的性质、是否为复发肿瘤、气管受累及的程度以及是否合并OSAHS来决定。只有综合考虑影响气道的各种因素,采取有效的方法,才能保证手术的安全性。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative airway treatment and postoperative asphyxiation preventive measures in patients with tumors invasion in the cervical tracheal.Method: The clinical date of 35 patients with different degree of tumors invasion in the cervical tracheal were analyzed retrospectively. Anesthesia including normal endotracheal intubation anesthesia, awake intubation anesthesia with visual laryngoscope assisted after topical anesthesia, intubation anesthesia with preoperative tracheotomy, intubation anesthesia after transection of trachea and anesthesia with extracoporeal circulation was selected according to the patient's situation such as whether exist forced position, or the extent of dyspnea, or the range of recurrent tumor. Preventive tracheotomy or fistulization was performed according to the patients' tracheal involvement and the choice of operation and general condition during the operation.Result: All 35 patients were successfully anesthetized, 17 of whom had no dyspnea or forced position, this kind patients were all anesthesia successfully, and 3 of them underwent prophylactic tracheotomy. Sixteen cases of nonrecurrent tumor with forced position, 15 patients were accepted awake anesthesia successfully with visual laryngoscope assisted after topical anesthesia, 1 patient who cannot be intubated or done tracheotomy is completed with extracorporeal circulation; prophylactic tracheotomy or tracheostomy was performed in this group. Of 2 cases of recurrent tumor with forced posture, preoperative tracheal intubation failed, 1 case was intubated after emergency transection of trachea, 1 case was successfully intubated by emergency tracheotomy before operation and 2 cases received postoperative tracheostomy. In this study, no serious complications such as massive bleeding, asphyxia and cardiovascular accident occurred after the operation.Conclusion: The preoperative airway management of patients whose tumors involves the cervical tracheal and whether tracheotomy or ostomy need to prevent asphyxia or not should be based on the nature of the tumor such as whether is recurrent, the extent of trachea involvement and whether to merge the OSAHS. Only by considering the various factors that affect the airway synthetically, an effective method can be adopted to ensure the safety of the operation.
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Key words:
- tracheotomy /
- anesthesia /
- airway /
- perioperative period
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