-
Abstract: Otitis media is a common problem in children, which may cause hearing loss and complications sometimes.This topic will review the definition, causes, types, clinical characteristics and treatments of each type of ear infections in children, by reading recently literatures.It is important to make an accurate diagnosis and choose a appropriate treatment of otitis media in children to avoid antibiotics abusing.Sometime some cases need operations, which are effective, especially in chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma, and we need further studying focuse on when do the operations and how to shoose them.
-
Key words:
- child /
- otitis media /
- type /
- clinical characteristic
-
[1] DALY K A, HOFFMAN H J, KVAERNER K J, et al.Epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors:panel report from the Ninth International Research Conference on Otitis Media[J].Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2010, 74:231-240.
[2] BLUESTONE C D, KLEIN J O.Otitis media in infants and children[M].4th edition.Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders Company, 2007:31-32.
[3] ISAACSON B, MIRABAL C, KUTZ J W Jr., et al.Pediatric otogenic intracranial abscesses[J].Otolaryngology Head Neck Surg, 2010, 142:434-437.
[4] LIN Y S, LIN L C, LEE F P, et al.The prevalence of chronic otitis media and its complication rates in teenagers and adult patients[J].Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg, 2009, 140:165-170.
[5] SOPHIA A, ISAA R, REBEKAH G, et al.Risk factors for otitis media among preschool, rural Indian children[J].Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2010, 74:677-683.
[6] MORIN C, DORION D, MOUTQUIN J M, et al.Suture restriction of the temporal bone as a risk factor for acute otitis media in children:cohort study[J].BMC Pediatrics, 2012, 12:181-182.
[7] POWERS J H.Diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media:evaluating the evidence[J].Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2007, 21:409-426.
[8] LIEBERTHAL A S, CARROLL A E, CHONMAITREE T, et al.Clinical Practice Guideline:The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media[J].Pediatrics, 2013, 131:e964-e999.
[9] MEROPOL S B.Valuing reduced antibiotic use for pediatric acute otitis media[J].Pediatrics, 2008, 121:669-673.
[10] HIQQINS T S, MCCABE S J, BUMPOUS J M, et al.Medical decision analysis:Indications for tympanostomy tubes in RAOM by age at first episode[J].Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg, 2008, 138:50-56.
[11] COATES H, THORNTON R, LANGLANDS J, et al.The role of chronic infection in children with otitis media with effusion:Evidence for intracellular persistence of bacteria[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery, 2008, 138:778-781.
[12] Fancy T, MATHERS P H, RAMADAN H R, et al.Otitis media with effusion:apossible role for Helicobacter pylori[J]?Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2009, 140:256-258.
[13] DODSON K M, COHEN R S, RUBIN B K, et al.Middle ear fliud characteristics in pediatric otitis media with effusion[J].Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012, 76:1806-1809.
[14] MARSEGLIA G L, PAGELLA F, CAIMMI D, et al.Increased risk of otitis media with effusion in allergic children presenting with adenoiditis[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2008, 138:572-575.
[15] SOUTER M A, MILLS N A, MAHADEVAN M, et al.The prevalence of atopic symptoms in children with otitis media with effusion[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2009, 141:104-107.
[16] PRECIADO D, GOYAL S, RAHIMI M, et al.MUC5BIs the Predominant mucin glycoprotein in chronic otitis media fluid[J].Pediatr Res, 2010, 68:231-236.
[17] ARONZON A, ROSS A T, KAZAHAYA A K, et al.Diagnosis of middle ear disease using tympanograms and digital imaging[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2004, 132:917-920.
[18] KHANNA R, LAKHANPAUL M, BULL P D.Surgical management of otitis media with effusion in children:summary of NICE guidelines[J].Clin Otolaryngol, 2008, 33:600-605.
[19] STOL K, DIAVATOPOULOS D A, GRAAMANS K, et al.Inflammation in the middle ear of children with recurrent or chronic otitis media is associated with bacterial load[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2012, 31:1128-1134.
[20] LIM D J, CHUN Y M, LEE H Y, et al.Cell biology of tubotympanum in relation to pathogenesis of otitis media-a review[J].Vaccine, 2000, 19:s17-s25.
[21] BURMOLLE M, THOMSEN T R, FAZLI M, et al.Biofilms in chronic infections-a matter of opportunitymonospecies biofilms in multispecies infections[J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2010, 59:324-336.
[22] THORNTON R B, RIGBY P J, WIERTSEMA S P, et al.Multi-species bacterial biofilm and intracellular infection in otitis media[J].BMC Pediatr, 2011, 11:94-97.
[23] MANSOOR T, MUSANI M A, KHALID G, et al.Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic suppurative otitis media:sensitivity spectrum against various antibiotics in Karachi[J].J Ayub Med coll Abbottabad, 2009, 21:120-123.
[24] LEE S K, LEE M S, JUNGS Y, et al.Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea of chronic suppurative otitis media patients[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2010, 143:500-505.
[25] VAN HASSELT P, VAN KREGTEN E.Treatment of chronic sup-purative otitis media with floxacin in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ear drops:a clinical/bacteriological study in a rural area of Malawi[J].Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2002, 63:49-56.
[26] HAYNES D S, RUTIKA J, HAWKE M, et al.Ototoxicity of Ototopical drops——an update[J].Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 2007, 40:669-683.
[27] MORRIS P S, LEACH A J.Acute and chronic otitis media[J].Pediatr Clin North Am, 2009, 56:1383-1399.
[28] TOS M, ORNTOFT S, STANGERUP S E.Results of tympanoplasty in children after 15to 27years[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2000, 109:17-23.
[29] STAPLETON A L, EGLOFF A M, YELLON R F.Congenital cholesteatoma:predictors for residual disease and hearing outcomes[J].Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2012, 138:280-285.
[30] PRINSLEY P.Familial cholesteatoma in East Anglia, UK.J Laryngol Otol, 2009, 123:294-297.
[31] SPILSBURY K, MILLER I, SEMMENS J B, et al.Factors associated with developing cholesteatoma:a study of 45, 980children with middle ear disease[J].Laryngoscope, 2010, 120:625-630.
[32] ISAACSON G.Diagnosis of pediatric cholesteatoma[J].Pediatric, 2007, 120:603-608.
[33] PLOUIN-GAUDON I, BOSSARD D, AYARI-KHALFALLAH S, et al.Fusion of MRIs and CT scans for surgical treatment of cholesteatoma of the middle ear in children[J].Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2010, 136:878-883.
[34] SHIRAZI M A, MUZAFFAR K, LEONETTI J P, et al.Surgical treatment of pediatric cholesteatomas[J].Laryngoscope, 2006, 116:1603-1607.
[35] MCRACKAN T R, ABDELLATIF W M, WANNA G B, et al.Evaluation of second look procedures for pediatric oholesteatomas[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2011, 145:154-160.
[36] CHADHA N K, JARDINE A, OWENS D, et al.A multivariate analysis of the factors predicting hearing outcome after surgery for cholesteatoma in children[J].J Laryngol Otol, 2006, 120:908-913.
[37] MISHIRO Y, SAKAGAMI M, KITAHARA T, et al.The investigation of the recurrence rate of cholesteatoma using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis[J].Otol Neurotol, 2008, 29:803-806.
计量
- 文章访问数: 34
- PDF下载数: 50
- 施引文献: 0